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剑14Test1雅思听力原文及翻译:Section 4

2020-08-03 17:20:02来源:网络 柯林斯词典

  提到雅思备考,我们最先想到的就是剑桥雅思真题,剑桥雅思真题作为雅思备考中的热门教材,一直以来深受广大考生追捧。今天新东方在线小编就给大家整理了剑14Test1雅思听力原文:Section 4,希望能都帮助大家更好的备考雅思考试,更多剑桥雅思真题原文、题目及答案解析相关内容,欢迎随时关注新东方在线雅思网

[01:15.87Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem.
[01:20.06Demand is rising rapidly, because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
[01:28.27Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment and they'll eventually run out.
[01:37.92For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources, such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution.
[01:50.55Today I'll outline marine renewable energy - also called ocean energy - which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
[02:00.57Marine renewable energy can be divided into three main categories: wave energy, tidal energy and ocean thermal energy conversion, and I'll say a few words about each one.
[02:18.08First, wave energy.
[02:21.25Numerous devices have been invented to harvest wave energy, with names such as Wave Dragon, the Penguin and Mighty Whale, and research is going on to try and come up with a really efficient method.
[02:37.28This form of energy has plenty of potential, as the source is constant, and there's no danger of waves coming to a standstill.
[02:47.19Electricity can be generated using onshore systems, using a reservoir, or offshore systems.
[02:56.43But the problem with ocean waves is that they're erratic, with the wind making them travel in every direction.
[03:06.35This adds to the difficulty of creating efficient technology: ideally all the waves would travel smoothly and regularly along the same straight line.
[03:18.99Another drawback is that sand and other sediment on the ocean floor might be stopped from flowing normally, which can lead to environmental problems.
[03:35.42The second category of marine energy that I'll mention is tidal energy.
[03:40.97One major advantage of using the tide, rather than waves, as a source of energy is that it's predictable: we know the exact times of high and low tides for years to come.
[03:56.33For tidal energy to be effective, the difference between high and low tides needs to be at least five metres, and this occurs naturally in only about forty places on Earth.
[04:11.80But the right conditions can be created by constructing a tidal lagoon, an area of sea water separated from the sea.
[04:22.87One current plan is to create a tidal lagoon on the coast of Wales.
[04:28.62This will be an area of water within a bay at Swansea, sheltered by a U-shaped breakwater, or dam, built out from the coast.
[04:39.70The breakwater will contain sixteen hydro turbines, and as the tide rises, water rushes through the breakwater, activating the turbines, which turn a generator to produce electricity.
[04:55.70Then, for three hours as the tide goes out, the water is held back within the break water, increasing the difference in water level, until it's several metres higher within the lagoon than in the open sea.
[05:10.91Then, in order to release the stored water, gates in the breakwater are opened.
[05:17.69It pours powerfully out of the lagoon, driving the turbines in the breakwater in the opposite direction and again generating thousands of megawatts of electricity.
[05:30.32As there are two high tides a day, this lagoon scheme would generate electricity four times a day, every day, for a total of around 14 hours in every 24 - and enough electricity for over 150,000 homes.
[05:50.85This system has quite a lot in its favour: unlike solar and wind energy it doesn't depend on the weather; the turbines are operated without the need for fuel, so it doesn't create any greenhouse gas emissions; and very little maintenance is needed.
[06:07.93It's estimated that electricity generated in this way will be relatively cheap, and that manufacturing the components would create more than 2,000 jobs, a big boost to the local economy.
[06:22.20On the other hand, there are fears that lagoons might harm both fish and birds, for example by disturbing migration patterns, and causing a build-up of silt, affecting local ecosystems.
[06:37.72There are other forms of tidal energy, but I'll go on to the third category of marine energy: ocean thermal energy conversion.
[06:47.92This depends on there being a big difference in temperature between surface water and the water a couple of kilometres below the surface, and this occurs in tropical coastal areas.
[07:02.52The idea is to bring cold water up to the surface using a submerged pipe.
[07:08.69The concept dates back to 1881, when…

生产足够的能源来满足我们的需要已成为一个严重的问题。
由于世界人口的增长和工业的发展,需求正在迅速增长。
燃烧化石燃料,如天然气、煤和石油,会严重破坏环境,并且它们最终都会耗尽。
多年来,科学家们一直在研究如何在不造成污染的情况下从可再生资源中获取能源,比如太阳和风。
今天,我将概述海洋可再生能源,也被称为海洋能源,它利用海洋的运动产生能量
海洋可再生能源可分为波能、潮汐能和海洋热能转换三个主要类别,我将分别进行一些说明。
首先,波能。
人们发明了许多设备来获取波能,这些设备的名字有“波浪龙”、“企鹅”和“巨鲸”等。人们也进行着研究,试图找到一种真正有效的方法。
这种形式的能量有很大的潜力,因为它的来源是恒定的,没有波浪静止的危险。
电力可以利用陆上系统、水库或近海系统产生
但是海浪的问题是它们很不稳定,风让它们朝各个方向移动。
这给创造高效技术增加了难度:理想的情况是,所有的波浪都沿着同一条直线平稳而有规律地行进。
另一个缺点是,海底的沙和其他沉积物可能无法正常流动,这可能导致环境问题。
我要提到的第二类海洋能源是潮汐能。
利用潮汐而不是波浪作为能量来源的一个主要优点是,它是可预测的:我们可以预测未来几年潮汐涨落的确切时间。
为了使潮汐能有效,涨潮和潮之间的高度差至少需要五米,而在自然条件下在地球上只有大约四十个地方符合条件。
但是通过建造潮汐泻湖--一个与海洋分离的海水区域,我们可以创造这样的条件。
目前的一个计划是在威尔士海岸建造一个潮汐泻湖。
这将是在斯旺西的海湾内的一个水域,它会受一个从海岸建造的U形防波堤,或大坝的庇护。
防波堤将包含16个水轮机,当涨潮时,水冲过防波堤,激活了涡轮机,使发电机发电。
然后,在退潮的三个小时里,海水被挡在防波堤里,增加了水位的差异,直到它在泻湖里比在公海里高出几米。
然后,为了释放储存的水,防波堤的闸门被打开。
水有力地从泻湖中涌出,向反方向推动防波堤的涡轮机,并再次产生数千兆瓦的电力。
由于每天有两次涨潮,这个泻湖计划将每天发电四次,每24小时中发电14小时,足够超过150,000个家庭使用。
这个系统有很多优点:与太阳能和风能不同,它不依赖于天气;涡轮机的运行不需要燃料,所以它不会产生任何温室气体排放;而且几乎不需要维护。
据估计,以这种方式发电的成本相对较低,同时,制造这些部件将创造2000多个就业机会,大大促进当地经济的发展。
另一方面,人们担心泻湖可能危害鱼类和鸟类,例如扰乱迁徙模式,造成淤泥堆积,影响当地生态系统。
还有其它形式的潮汐能,但我会继续讲第三类海洋能源:海洋热能转换。
这种能源依赖于海平面海水与在海面以下几公里海水的巨大温差,而这种情况发生在热带沿海地区。
这种办法是利用水下管道将冷水带到面。
这个概念可以追溯到1881年,那时……


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