雅思大作文论证方法

在雅思写作考试中，我们经常要用到论证的方法，那么在具体的雅思大作文写作中，该如何应用呢？来本文和新东方在线雅思一起来看看雅思大作文论证方法。

雅思大作文论证方法

雅思考试大作文的评分标准Task Response里提出了三点要求:1. addresses all parts of the task 2. presents a po-sition 3.presents , extends and supports main ideas。对这三项完成情况的不同决定了不同的分数。在考生写作时，完成题目所有要求和有明确的立场(即文章要以题干所提供的话题或观点为依据，覆盖双方观点或就利弊展开讨论，提出自己倾向的观点)并不难，但是如何展开自己的main ideas ，并且符合relevant ,fully extended and well supported这三个要求时，很多同学感觉无从下笔。

Argumentative devices

——Ways to develop a paragraph :

- exemplification

- cause and effect

- comparison and contrast

- explanation

展开观点的方法叫做论证方法，常见的有四种：举例，因果，对比和解释。

举例论证:

给大作文观点举例，既可以使抽象的概念具体化，又会给读者留下深刻的印象。如果例子是由几个完整的句子构成，可以用For example来引出,若是几个词或词组的罗列，常用such as。

例一:

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problem.(C8T3)

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What other measures do you think might be effective?

范文节选:

However ,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.To do this ， weneed to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers. For example , if sufficient sky trains and un-derground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities， then traffic on the roads would be dra-

matically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to drivingyour own car for long journeys.

因果论证:

常用因果连接词

Cause:

because of/ due to/ as a result of/ owing to/ on account of +短语

because/ as/since/ for +句子

Result :

As aresult/ as a consequence/ consequently/therefore/thus/ hence

例如，在 women should join in the army VS women should not be a member of the army一题中，如果我们表示不支持：Women should not take up a military career，因为他们的体力不如男子。

- because they are not as strong as men

- because they are inferior to men in physical strength

- because of their physical inadequacies

对比论证:

大作文的题目中经常会出现一个事情的两面性或者两个事情之间对比，对比论证法是很好用的展开观点的方式。

例:

In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing highschool and startinguniversity studies. ( C5T2)

对比论证:

A young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and ex-perience of the world. By contrast，others who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places have abroader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

解释论证:

解释一个观点有三个方法:

- if will/ would

- without will/ would

- in other words

1 )正面论证 if will/ would

Advocates of this believe that today's sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity isno longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sportscentres, we would be more like-ly to make exereise a regular part of our lives，rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening.(C9T3)

考官范文中给出的观点是：如今终日伏案的生活方式和紧张的工作环境使体育活动从我们的工作和休闲生活中消失。由于本段是写Advocates的观点，即增加体育设施对提高公众健康有好处，所以观点之后紧跟着有进一步的解释：如果当地有便利的体育活动中心，那么我们就很有可能将体育运动作为生活的一部分，而不是每晚都瘫坐在屏幕前。

2)反面论证 without will/would

Good musicians or artists and exeeptional sports stars have probably suceeded because of both good training and nat-ural talent. Without the natural talent，continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without thetraining,the child would not learm how to exploit and develop their talent.(C7T1)

范文中观点是：杰出的音乐家，艺术家和体育名星的成功是训练和天赋的结合。作者用了两个without 从反面进行解释论证；没有天赋，连续训练可能既乏味又没有效果；没有训练，孩子们就不知道如何开发利用他们的才能。反面论证是从“如果没有……”这个角度去扩充思路。比如说到政府与环境的话题：政府应该加大对污染企业的监管，如果没有政府的监督和管理，那些污染企业就可以在排放污染的同时获利，并且逃脱惩罚，这样对社会和环境治理都是极其不利的。

3)解释in other words

解释并不是把一句话换几个同义词再写一遍,这个看似简单的短语前后有着很大的奥妙,看看考官是如何利用这个方法的。

Overall I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.By that Imean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives( the welfare of our families , the quality of our rela-tionships，making other people happy , ete.) and what is not ( a problem at work , getting annoyed about trivial things,etc.) .(C4T2)

作者认为要获得幸福的一个更重要的因素是: to keep clear perspectives in life。这是一个很抽象的概念，如何做到这一点呢？范文中用了by that I mean 来做进一步解释：也就是要知道生命中什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。这是一个从抽象到具体的解释。

总之，议论文的本意是说服读者，我们可以通过以上一种或几种方式的叠加来充分地阐明自己的观点，有理有据，有抽象有具体，这样才是一篇可读性高，读者愿意接受的好文章。