![二维码](https://file.koolearn.com/20240621/17189588008817.png)
雅思备考规划
扫码添加助教免费咨询雅思备考规划
扫码关注回复雅思获取最新雅思口语题库和备考资料
本文为大家带来的是雅思阅读模拟题:What are you laughing at?,帮助大家备考雅思.
点击查看》》》雅思阅读模拟题汇总【备考必刷】
A We like to think that laughing is the height of human sophistication. Our big brains let us see the humour in a strategically positioned pun, an unexpected plot twist or a clever piece of wordplay. But while joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, chuckle. Obviously, they don’t crack up at Homer Simpson or titter at the boss’s dreadful jokes, but the fact that they laugh in the first place suggests that sniggers and chortles have been around for a lot longer than we have. It points the way to the origins of laughter, suggesting a much more practical purpose than you might think.
B There is no doubt that laughing typically involves groups of people. ‘Laughter evolved as a signal to others – it almost disappears when we are alone,’ says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as ‘see you later’, rather than anything particularly funny. And the way we laugh depends on the company we’re keeping. Men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are present, possibly indicating flirtation or even submission.
C To find the origins of laughter, Provine believes we need to look at the play. He points out that the masters of laughing are children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and the original context plays,’ he says. Well-known primate watchers, including Dian Fossey and Jane Goodall, have long argued that chimps laugh while at play. The sound they produce is known as a panting laugh. It seems obvious when you watch their behaviour – they even have the same ticklish spots as we do. But remove the context, and the parallel between human laughter and a chimp’s characteristic pant laugh is not so clear. When Provine played a tape of the pant laughs to 119 of his students, for example, only two guessed correctly what it was.
D These findings underline how chimp and human laughter vary. When we laugh the sound is usually produced by chopping up a single exhalation into a series of shorter with one sound produced on each inward and outward breath. The question is: does this pant laughter have the same source as our own laughter? New research lends weight to the idea that it does. The findings come from Elke Zimmerman, head of the Institute for Zoology in Germany, who compared the sounds made by babies and chimpanzees in response to tickling during the first year of their life. Using sound spectrographs to reveal the pitch and intensity of vocalizations, she discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the same pattern. Zimmerman believes the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing associated with enjoyable and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of pleasure.
E Pinpointing when laughter developed is another matter. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor that lived perhaps 8 million years ago, but animals might have been laughing long before that. More distantly related primates, including gorillas, laugh, and anecdotal evidence suggests that other social mammals nay do too. Scientists are currently testing such stories with a comparative analysis of just how common laughter is among animals. So far, though, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from research done by Jaak Panksepp from Bowling Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling.
F All this still doesn’t answer the question of why we laugh at all. One idea is that laughter and tickling originated as a way of sealing the relationship between mother and child. Another is that the reflex response to tickling is protective, alerting us to the presence of crawling creatures that might harm us or compelling us to defend the parts of our bodies that are most vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat. But the idea that has gained the most popularity in recent years is that laughter in response to tickling is a way for two individuals to signal and test their trust in one another. This hypothesis starts from the observation that although a little tickle can be enjoyable if it goes on too long it can be torture. By engaging in a bout of tickling, we put ourselves at the mercy of another individual, and laughing is a signal that we laughter is what makes it a reliable signal of trust according to Tom Flamson, a laughter researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles. ‘Even in rats, laughter, tickle, play and trust are linked. Rats chirp a lot when they play,’ says Flamson. ‘These chirps can be aroused by tickling. And they get bonded to us as a result, which certainly seems like a show of trust.’
G We’ll never know which animal laughed the first laugh, or why. But we can be sure it wasn’t in response to a prehistoric joke. The funny thing is that while the origins of laughter are probably quite serious, we owe human laughter and our language-based humour to the same unique skill. While other animals pant, we alone can control our breath well enough to produce the sound of laughter. Without that control, there would also be no speech – and no jokes to endure.
Questions 1-6
Look at the following research findings (questions 1-6) and the list of people below. Match each finding with the correct person A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
A Tom Flamson
B Elke Zimmerman
C Robert Provine
D Jaak Panksepp
1 ......................Babies and chimps produce similar sounds of laughter.
2 ......................Primates are not the only animals who produce laughter Pan.
3 ......................Laughter also suggests that we feel safe and easy with others.
4 ......................Laughter is a response to a polite situation instead of humour.
5 ......................Animal laughter evolved before human laughter
6 ......................Laughter is a social activity.
Questions 7-10
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-K, below.
Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.
Some researchers believe that laughter first evolved out of 7...................... The investigation has revealed that
human and chimp laughter may have the same 8...................... Besides, scientists have been aware that 9................... laugh, however, it now seems that laughter might be more widespread than once we thought. Although the reasons why humans started to laugh are still unknown, it seems that laughter may result from the 10...................... we feel with another person.
A evolution B chirps C origins D voice
E confidence F rats G primates H response
I play J children K tickling
Questions 11-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
11 ......................Both men and women laugh more when they are with members of the same sex.
12 ......................Primates lack sufficient breath control to be able to produce laughs the way humans do.
13 ......................Chimpanzees produce laughter in a wider range of situations than rats do.
Answer keys
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5.B
6.C
7. I
8.C
9.G
10.E
11. NOT GIVEN
12. TRUE
13. NOT GIVEN
【雅思免费试听课-0元领取】
【雅思水平测试-免费】
【雅思备考资料-扫码添加助教免费领取】
资料下载
雅思写作高频词汇PDF下载
发布时间:2023-08-26添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【200】获取
590组雅思阅读写作必背短语PDF版下载
发布时间:2023-08-09添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【590】获取
雅思学术词汇搭配表PDF版下载
发布时间:2023-08-04添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【ACL】获取
雅思口语part3结构策略PDF版下载
发布时间:2023-08-04添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【Part3】获取
雅思听力高频场景词PDF版下载
发布时间:2023-08-09添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【高频词】获取
雅思口语Part2答案示范15篇PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-26添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【P2】获取
雅思小作文35组必备表达PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-26添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【35】获取
雅思阅读高频短语PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-20添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【短语】获取
200组雅思写作高频词汇PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-20添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【200】获取
雅思写作话题词汇PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-16添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【话题】获取
50组雅思口语同义替换词PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-10添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【替换】获取
雅思写作大作文精选题目101PDF下载
发布时间:2023-07-09添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【101】获取
雅思口语核心300词PDF下载
发布时间:2023-06-23添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【300】获取
雅思阅读分类词汇PDF下载
发布时间:2023-06-17添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【分类词】获取
雅思口语必备习语PDF下载
发布时间:2023-06-17添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【习语】获取
雅思小作文常用词汇66词PDF下载
发布时间:2023-06-16添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【66】获取
雅思口语常见功能结构109句PDF下载
发布时间:2023-06-08添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【109】获取
10年雅思写作题库PDF下载
发布时间:2023-06-08添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【写作话题】获取
雅思图表作文精选套句50句PDF下载
发布时间:2023-05-28添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【50】获取
雅思写作99组高频词汇PDF资料
发布时间:2023-05-28添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【99】获取
2023年5月雅思口语新题题库PDF版本
发布时间:2023-05-14添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【新题】获取
2023年5-8月雅思口语新题题库与解析PDF版本
发布时间:2023-05-06关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【新题】获取
雅思听力考点词汇PDF资料
发布时间:2023-04-27添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【考点词】获取
雅思听力机经词汇PDF资料
发布时间:2023-04-24添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【TL】获取
雅思口语Part1常见话题语料库PDF资料
发布时间:2023-04-20添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【Part1】获取
剑桥雅思阅读长难句50句PDF资料
发布时间:2023-04-19添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【长难句】获取
雅思阅读核心学术词汇表PDF资料
发布时间:2023-04-07关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【核心】获取
100个雅思写作观点词和替换词表达PDF资料
发布时间:2023-03-24关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【100】获取
雅思阅读分类词汇PDF资料
发布时间:2023-03-22关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【分类词】获取
雅思阅读短语PDF资料
发布时间:2023-03-08关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【短语】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教,
回复【口语】获取雅思口语资料大礼包
推荐阅读
本文为大家带来的是雅思阅读模拟题:Fishbourne Roman Palace,帮助大家备考雅思
本文为大家带来的是雅思阅读模拟题:London Swaying Footbridge,帮助大家备考雅思
本文为大家带来的是雅思阅读模拟题:Knowledge in medicine,帮助大家备考雅思
本文为大家带来的是雅思阅读模拟题:The beginning of intelligence,帮助大家备考雅思
本文为大家带来的是雅思阅读模拟题:So you think humans are unique,帮助大家备考雅思
资料下载
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【200】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【590】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【ACL】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【Part3】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【高频词】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【P2】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【35】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【短语】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【200】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【话题】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【替换】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【101】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【300】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【分类词】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【习语】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【66】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【109】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【写作话题】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【50】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【99】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【新题】获取
关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【新题】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【考点词】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【TL】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【Part1】获取
添加新东方在线雅思助教号
回复【长难句】获取
关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【核心】获取
关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【100】获取
关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【分类词】获取
关注新东方在线考雅课程中心服务号
回复【短语】获取
编辑推荐
雅思新题
阅读排行榜
相关内容