by
[ADV, PREP]
1. 在旁边
By means in the surrounding area.
双语例句
例：Large numbers of security police stood by.
许多秘密警察站在旁边。
2. 经过
If a person or vehicle moves by, they move past you without stopping.
双语例句
例：The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.
炸弹在巡警队经过时爆炸了。
3. 暂时地
If someone stops by, they visit a place for a short time.
双语例句
例：I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.
晚餐后我会过来待会儿，我们到时再谈那件事。
ADV. 副词
by yourself
1. 独自地
If you are by yourself, you are alone.
近义词
双语例句
例：a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.
一个独自坐在角落里、深色头发的男子。
2. 独立地
If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you.
双语例句
例：I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.
我不知道是否能独自抚养一个孩子。
PHRASE. 习语
1. 被
If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it.
双语例句
例：The feast was served by his mother and sisters.
宴席是由他的母亲和姐妹们准备的。
例：I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism.
他们的无礼和不专业让我震惊。
2. 由…创作
If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it.
双语例句
例：A painting by Van Gogh has been sold in New York for more than eighty-two million dollars.
梵高的画在纽约卖到八千二百万美元以上。
3. 以…方式
If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing.
双语例句
例：If you're travelling by car, ask whether there are parking facilities nearby.
如果你开汽车旅行，问问附近是否有停车设施。
4. 通过
If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing.
双语例句
例：Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan.
通过将乳酪和高汤一起放在平底锅里煮来制作调味料。
例：The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail around the world.
这艘游戏的船员全部为女性，她们的首次环球航行创造了历史。
5. 由于（偶然或意外）
You use by in phrases such as 'by chance' or 'by accident' to indicate whether or not an event was planned.
双语例句
例：I met him by chance out walking yesterday.
昨天出去散步时我碰巧遇到了他。
例：He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake.
他误拆了英格丽德的信。
6. 就…而言
If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into.
双语例句
例：I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature.
能够拥有一位天性仁慈的妻子，我的确很幸运。
例：She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women.
她是护士出身，现在经营着一家针对女性的咨询服务公司。
7. 根据
If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards.
双语例句
例：Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.
法律规定药剂师只能按照医生开的处方配药。
8. 说（说某词或某话）
If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to.
双语例句
例：Stella knew what he meant by 'start again'.
斯特拉知道他说“重新开始”是什么意思。
9. （用于表示抓住身体某部位或握住物体某部分）
If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part.
双语例句
例：He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around.
他抓住她的肩膀，把她的身子转了过来。
例：She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor.
她被抓着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小屋里。
10. 在…旁边
Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it.
双语例句
例：Judith was sitting in a rocking chair by the window.
朱迪丝坐在窗边的摇椅上。
例：Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine.
费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，叫了一杯葡萄酒。
11. 经过
If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping.
双语例句
例：A few cars passed close by me.
几辆车贴着我驶过。
12. 去（临时拜访）
If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time.
双语例句
例：We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove.
我们已安排好顺道去她在太平洋路的家拜访。
13. 到…时 , 在…之前
If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time.
双语例句
例：By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel.
他八点前已到了我住的旅馆。
14. 在…期间
If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night.
双语例句
例：By day a woman could safely walk the streets.
白天，妇女可以安全地在街上走。
15. 用于乘除法中
In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum.
双语例句
例：an annual rate of 22.8 per cent (1.9 multiplied by 12)
每年22.8％的比率（1.9乘以12）
16. 表示面积尺寸
You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction.
双语例句
例：Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres.
3名囚犯共住一间3米长2.5米宽的小牢房。
17. （表示增减的幅度）
If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost.
双语例句
例：Violent crime has increased by 10 per cent since last year.
暴力犯罪自去年以来已上升了10％。
18. 按…计算
Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities.
双语例句
例：Packages arrived by the dozen from America.
成打的包裹从美国寄来。
19. 表示循序渐进的速度
You use by in expressions such as 'minute by minute' and 'drop by drop' to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once.
双语例句
例：His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.
他父亲的记忆力开始一点点衰退，变得越来越健忘。
PREP. 介词
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