雅思听力材料：英国的经济

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　　1.Between 1950 and 1973, Britain’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term “Britain disease” is now used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.

　　1950年至1973年兼，英国的国民生产总值平均年增长率为3%。经济发展受阻于长期收支平衡的赤字，现在常用“英国病”这个词来概括英国经济衰退的特征

　　2.By the end of 1947, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels. The British economy in the 50s and 60s is characterized by show but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standard of consumption.

　　到1947年底，英国经济恢复到战前水平，50到60年代，英国经济的特点是发展缓慢而稳定，失业少，消费上升，物质极度繁荣。

　　3.John m Keynes suggested that the government should use fiscal and monetary policy to fine-tune aggregate demand to achieve full employment, while using prices and incomes policy to suppress inflation at source.

　　约翰，凯恩斯建议政府在利用物价和收入政策从根本上抑制通胀的同时，应该利用财政和货币政策来微调社会总需求，以达到充分就业的目的。

　　4.The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate.

　　1973年爆发了第一次石油危机，结果通胀率在1974年上升到了16%，70年代在发达国家中，英国增长率最低而通胀率最高。

　　5.The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism.

　　由撒切尔夫人提出的新经济计划以新的古典思想学派理论为基础，私有化、撤销价格管制和市场自由化取代了物价和收入控制及政府的干涉主义。

　　6.Mrs. Thatcher’s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic.

　　在过去十年，撒切尔政府运用宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，采取许多措施提高经济效益。

　　7.Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized.

　　正如20世纪40年代在英国以国有化的十年被记住一样，80年代的十年将以私有化被人们记住，过去十年里几乎有40%的国有企业被私有化。

　　8.Compared with many other countries, Britain has considerable reserves of coal. It was the development of Britain’s coalfields which led to the Industrial Revolution. Today British coal mining is called a “sick” industry.

　　和其他许多国家相比，英国煤储备相当丰富。正是英国煤田的发展引起了工业革命，今天的英国媒业被称为“生病”工业。

　　9.Later nature gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export.

　　过去天然气和石油分别在1965年和1970年在北海发现，今天的英国石油不仅能自给自足，还有盈余出口。

　　10.The Midlands has deposits of coal and iron located near each other. Because of these resource the Midlands became the center of steal industry. But today local supplies have became exhausted ore must be imported from Spain·Sweden and elsewhere. The original advantages of the location of many steal works in Britain have gone.

　　中部地区既有煤储藏也有铁矿石储藏，因此中部地区成为钢铁中心。但今天当地储备已枯竭，矿石必须从西班牙、瑞典和其他地方进口，英国许多钢铁厂原先的地理优势已经一去不返。

　　11.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britain’s textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.