2024年8月10日雅思考试题阅读回忆及答案

　　2024年8月10日雅思考试已经结束, 那这次考试阅读都考了哪些内容呢？本文为大家整理了2024年8月10日雅思考试题阅读回忆及答案，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

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　　一、 考试概述：

　　本场考试三篇全新，难度高。第一篇，难度电影技术的发展，难度中规中矩;第二篇航海，难度高;第三篇考古主题，难度高。

　　二、具体题目分析：

　　Passage One：

　　文章题材：说明文(科技类)

　　文章题目：电影技术的发展

　　文章难度：★★★

　　题型及数量：待补充

　　题目及答案：待补充

　　可参考真题：剑桥11—TEST4 Passage 2 An Introduction to Film Sound

　　Passage Two：

　　文章题材：说明文(人类学历史学)

　　文章题目：航海

　　文章难度：★★★★

　　题型及数量：选择+填空

　　题目及答案：

　　Voyage of going: beyond the blue line 2

　　A. One feels a certain sympathy for Captain James Cook on the day in 1778 that he “discovered” Hawaii. Then on his third expedition to the Pacific, the British navigator had explored scores of islands across the breadth of the sea, from lush New Zealand to the lonely wastes of Easter Island This latest voyage had taken him thousands of miles north from the Society Islands to an archipelago so remote that even the ok! Polynesians back on Tahiti knew nothing about it. Imagine Cook’s surprise, then, when the natives of Hawaii came paddling out in their canoes and greeted him in a familiar tongue, one he had heard on virtually every mote of inhabited land he had visited Marveling at the ubiquity of this Pacific language and culture, he later wondered in his journal: “How shall we account for this Nation spreading it self so far over this Vast ocean?”

　　B. Answers have been slow in coming. But now a startling archaeological find on the island of Efate, in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu, has revealed an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians, taking their first steps into the unknown. The discoveries there have also opened a window into the shadowy work! of those early voyagers. At the same time, other pieces of this human puzzle are turning up in unlikely places. Climate data gleaned from slow-growing corals around the Pacific and from sediments in alpine lakes in South America may help explain how, more than a thousand years later, a second wave of seafarers beat their way across the entire Pacific.

　　C. What we have is a first-or second-generation site containing the graves of some of the Pacific’s first explorers,” says Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and co-leader of an international team excavating the site. It came to light only by luck A backhoe operator, digging up topsoil on the grounds of a derelict coconut plantation, scraped open a grave— the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the bones of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita, a label that derives from a beach in New Caledonia where a landmark cache of their pottery was found in the 1950s. They were daring blue-water adventurers who roved the sea not just as explorers but also as pioneers, bringing everything they would need to build new lives— their families and livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.

　　D. Within the span of a few centuries the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles eastward in the Pacific. Along the way they explored millions of square miles of unknown sea, discovering and colonizing scores of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.

　　E. What little is known or surmised about them has been pieced together from fragments of pottery, animal bones, obsidian flakes, and such oblique sources as comparative linguistics and geochemistry. Although their voyages can be traced back to the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language variants of which are still spoken across the Pacific came from Taiwan. And their peculiar style of pottery decoration, created by pressing a carved stamp into the clay, probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. With the discovery of the Lapita cemetery on Efate, the volume of data available to researchers has expanded dramatically. The bones of at least 62 individuals have been uncovered so far including old men, young women, even babies—and more skeletons are known to be in the ground. Archaeologists were also thrilled to discover six complete Lapita pots. It’s an important find, Spriggs says, for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita. “It would be hard for anyone to argue that these aren’t Lapita when you have human bones enshrined inside what is unmistakably a Lapita urn.”

　　F. Several lines of evidence also undergird Spriggs’s conclusion that this was a community of pioneers making their first voyages into the remote reaches of Oceania. For one thing, the radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal places them early in the Lapita expansion. For another, the chemical makeup of the obsidian flakes littering the site indicates that the rock wasn’t local; instead it was imported from a large island in Papua New Guinea’s Bismarck Archipelago, the springboard for the Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific. A particularly intriguing clue comes from chemical tests on the teeth of several skeletons. DNA teased from these ancient bones may also help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: Did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, “to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their best descendants are today.

　　G. “There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: How did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they segue into myth long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.” All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,” says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland and an avid yachtsman. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific making short crossings to islands within sight of each other. Reaching Fiji, as they did a century or so later, meant crossing more than 500 miles of ocean, pressing on day after day into the great blue void of the Pacific. What gave them the courage to launch out on such a risky voyage?

　　H. The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. “They could sail out for days into the unknown and reconnoiter, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride home on the trade winds. It’s what made the whole thing work.” Once out there, skilled seafarers would detect abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds and turtles, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pileup of clouds on the horizon that often betokens an island in the distance. Some islands may have broadcast their presence with far less subtlety than a cloud bank. Some of the most violent eruptions anywhere on the planet during the past 10,000 years occurred in Melanesia, which sits nervously in one of the most explosive volcanic regions on Earth. Even less spectacular eruptions would have sent plumes of smoke billowing into the stratosphere and rained ash for hundreds of miles. It’s possible that the Lapita saw these signs of distant islands and later sailed off in their direction, knowing they would find land For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes provided a safety net to keep them from overshooting their home ports and sailing off into eternity.

　　I. However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific, and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands - more than 300 in Fiji alone. Still, more than a millennium would pass before the Lapita’s descendants, a people we now call the Polynesians, struck out in search of new territory.

　　Questions 1-7

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage ?

　　In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

　　YES if the statement is true

　　NO if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　1 Captain cook once expected the Hawaii might speak another language of people from other pacific islands

　　2 Captain cook depicted number of cultural aspects of Polynesians in his journal

　　3 Professor Spriggs and his research team went to the Efate to try to find the site of ancient cemetery

　　4 The Lapita completed a journey of around 2,000 miles in a period less than a centenary

　　5 The Lapita were the first inhabitants in many pacific islands

　　6 The unknown pots discovered in Efate had once been used for cooking

　　7 The um buried in Efate site was plain as it was without any decoration

　　Questions 8 -10

　　Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet.

　　Scientific Evident found in Efate site

　　Tests show the human remains and the charcoal found in the buried um are from the start of the Lapita period. Yet The 8 __________ covering many of the Efate site did not come from that area.

　　Then examinations carried out on the 9 __________ discovered at Efate site reveal that not everyone buried there was a native living in the area. In fact, DNA could identify the Lapita’s nearest 10___________ present-days.

　　Questions 11-13

　　Answer the questions below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

　　11 What did the Lapita travel in when they crossed the oceans?

　　12 In Irwins’s view, what would the Latipa have relied on to bring them fast back to the base?

　　13 Which sea creatures would have been an indication to the Lapita of where to find land?

　　参考答案

　　1. YES

　　2. NO

　　3. NO

　　4. NOT GIVEN

　　5. YES

　　6. NOT GIVEN

　　7. NO

　　8. rock

　　9. teeth

　　10. descendants

　　11. canoes

　　12. trade winds

　　13. seabirds and turtles

　　*本文话题与实考一致，但是文章和题目与考试有出入，仅供各位考生复习使用~

　　可参考真题：剑桥10—TEST3 Passage3 Beyond the Blue Horizon

　　Passage Three：

　　文章题材：议论文(人类学历史学)

　　文章题目：考古

　　文章难度：★★★★

　　题型及数量：判断+多选+填空

　　题目及答案：

　　The nature and aims of archaeology

　　Archaeology is partly the discovery of the treasures of the past, partly the careful work of the scientific analyst, partly the exercise of the creative imagination. It is toiling in the sun on an excavation in the Middle East, it is working with living Inuit in the snows of Alaska, and it is investigating the sewers of Roman Britain. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we come to understand what these things mean for the human story. And it is the conservation of the world's cultural heritage against looting and careless harm.

　　Archaeology, then, is both a physical activity out in the field, and an intellectual pursuit in the study or laboratory. That is part of its great attraction. The rich mixture of danger and detective work has also made it the perfect vehicle for fiction writers and film-makers, from Agatha Christie with Murder in Mesopotamia to Stephen Spielberg with Indiana Jones. However far from reality such portrayals are, they capture the essential truth that archaeology is an exciting quest - the quest for knowledge about ourselves and our past.

　　But how does archaeology relate to disciplines such as anthropology and history, that are also concerned with the human story? Is archaeology itself a science? And what are the responsibilities of the archaeologist in today's world?

　　Anthropology, at its broadest, is the study of humanity - our physical characteristics as animals and our unique non-biological characteristics that we call culture. Culture in this sense includes what the anthropologist, Edward Tylor, summarised in 1871 as 'knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society'. Anthropologists also use the term 'culture’ in a more restricted sense when they refer to the ‘culture1 of a particular society, meaning the non-biological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it from other societies. Anthropology is thus a broad discipline - so broad that it is generally broken down into three smaller disciplines: physical anthropology, cultural anthropology and archaeology.

　　Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called, concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved. Cultural anthropology - or social anthropology - analyses human culture and society. Two of its branches are ethnography (the study at first hand of individual living cultures) and ethnology (which sets out to .compare cultures using ethnographic evidence to derive general principles about human society).

　　Archaeology is the ‘past tense of cultural anthropology’. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporaly communities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains - the buildings, tools, and other artefacts that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies.

　　Nevertheless, one of the most important tasks for the archaeologist today is to know how to interpret material culture in human terms. How were those pots used? Why are some dwellings round and others square? Here the methods of archaeology and ethnography overlap. Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnoarchaeology’, where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary communities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture - how they make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where they do, and so on. Moreover, archaeology has an active role to play in the field of conservation. Heritage studies constitutes a developing field, where it is realised that the world's cultural heritage is a diminishing resource which holds different meanings for different people.

　　If, then, archaeology deals with the past, in what way does it differ from history? In the broadest sense, just as archaeology is an aspect of anthropology, so too is it a part of history - where we mean the whole history of humankind from its beginnings over three million years ago. Indeed, for more than ninety-nine per cent of that huge span of time, archaeology - the study of past material culture - is the only significant source of information. Conventional historical sources begin only with the introduction of written records around 3,000 BC in western Asia, and much later in most other parts of the world.

　　A commonly drawn distinction is between pre-history, i.e. the period before written records - and history in the narrow sense, meaning the study of the past using written evidence. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognises the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.

　　Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline. But it differs from the study of written history in a fundamental way. The material the archaeologist finds does not tell us directly what to think. Historical records make statements, offer opinions and pass judgements. The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data, and then, in conclusion, devises a model that seems best to summarise the pattern observed in the data. The archaeologist has to develop a picture of the past, just as the scientist has to develop a coherent view of the natural world.

　　Questions 1-6

　　Do the following Statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?

　　In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write

　　YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

　　NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

　　1 Archaeology involves creativity as well as careful investigative work.

　　2 Archaeologists must be able to translate texts from ancient languages.

　　3 Movies give a realistic picture of the work of archaeologists.

　　4 Anthropologists define culture in more than one way.

　　5 Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology.

　　6 The history of Europe has been documented since 3,000 BC.

　　Questions 7-8

　　Choose TWO letters A-E.

　　Write your answers in boxes 7-8 on your answer sheet.

　　The list below gives some statements about anthropology.

　　Which TWO statements are mentioned by the writer of the text?

　　A It is important for government planners.

　　B It is a continually growing field of study.

　　C It often involves long periods of fieldwork.

　　D It is subdivided for study purposes.

　　E It studies human evolutionary patterns.

　　Questions 9-10

　　Choose TWO letters A-E.

　　Write your answers in boxes 9-10 on your answer sheet.

　　The list below gives some of the tasks of an archaeologist.

　　Which TWO of these tasks are mentioned by the writer of the text?

　　A examining ancient waste sites to investigate diet

　　B studying cave art to determine its significance

　　C deducing reasons for the shape of domestic buildings

　　D investigating the way different cultures make and use objects

　　E examining evidence for past climate changes

　　Questions 11-14

　　Complete the summary of the last two paragraphs of Reading Passage.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Much of the work of archaeologists can be done using written records but they find 11__________ equally valuable. The writer describes archaeology as both a 12__________ and a 13__________. However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a 14__________.

　　参考答案

　　1. YES

　　2. NOT GIVEN

　　3. NO

　　4. YES

　　5. NOT GIVEN

　　6. NO

　　7. D E IN EITHER ORDER

　　8. D E IN EITHER ORDER

　　9. C D IN EITHER ORDER

　　10. C D IN EITHER ORDER

　　11. oral histories

　　12. humanistic study, historical discipline IN EITHER ORDER

　　13. humanistic study, historical discipline IN EITHER ORDER

　　14. scientist

　　*本文话题与实考一致，但是文章和题目与考试有出入，仅供各位考生复习使用~

　　可参考真题：剑桥17—TEST2 Passage1 The Dead Sea Scrolls

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