每日雅思词汇：咖啡的学问

　　5.mocha：摩卡咖啡

　　摩卡咖啡(CafeMocha)是一种最古老的咖啡，其历史要追溯到咖啡的起源。它是由意大利浓缩咖啡、巧克力酱、鲜奶油和牛奶混合而成，摩卡得名于有名的摩卡港。十五世纪，整个中东非咖啡国家向外运输业不兴盛，也门摩卡是当时红海附近主要输出一个商港，当时咖啡只要是集中到摩卡港再向外输出的非洲咖啡，都被统称摩卡咖啡。而新兴的港口虽然代替了摩卡港的地位，但是摩卡港时期摩卡咖啡的产地依然保留了下来，这些产地所产的咖啡豆，仍被称为摩卡咖啡豆。喝咖啡可以消除疲劳有助于帮助消化。

　　A caffè mocha or café mocha (pron.: /ˈmɒk.ə/ or /ˈmoʊk.ə/) is a variant of a caffè latte, inspired by the Turin Coffee beverage Bicerin. Like a caffè latte, it is based on espresso and hot milk, but with added chocolate, typically in the form of sweet cocoa powder, although many varieties use chocolate syrup. Mochas can contain dark or milk chocolate.

　　Café mocha, in its most basic formulation, can also be referred to as hot chocolate with (e.g. a shot of) espresso added. Like cappuccino, café mochas typically contain the well-known milk froth on top, although, as is common with hot chocolate, they are sometimes served with whipped cream instead. They are usually topped with a dusting of either cinnamon or cocoa powder and marshmallows may also be added on top for flavor and decoration.

　　A variant is white café mocha, made with white chocolate instead of milk or dark. There are also variants of the drink that mix the two syrups; this mixture is referred to by several names, including black and white mocha, tan mocha, marble mocha, tuxedo mocha and zebra.

　　Café mocha takes its name from the Red Sea coastal town of Mocha, Yemen, which as far back as the fifteenth century was a dominant exporter of coffee, especially to areas around the Arabian Peninsula.

　　The caffeine content is approximately 10.9 mg/oz (370 mg/L), which is 175 mg for a 16 oz glass.

　　6.macchiato：玛奇朵

　　玛奇朵Macchiato在意大利文里是“印记、烙印”的意思。顾名思义，它的名字焦糖玛奇朵就象征着甜蜜的印记。 玛奇朵咖啡是奶咖啡的一种，它是先将牛奶和香草糖浆混合后再加入奶沫，然后再倒入咖啡，最后在奶沫上淋上网格状焦糖。Caramel Macchiato，是玛其朵咖啡的名字。Caramel 是英文里焦糖的意思， 对于那些既想享受CAPPUCCINO细腻滑爽的奶泡，又不肯放弃ESPRESSO浓烈的咖啡纯香的人来说，玛琪雅朵可能是最好的选择。MACCHIATO在意大利语中是一点点的意思，在一小杯ESPRESSO中直接加入一两勺奶泡，一杯玛琪雅朵就做成了。

　　Caffè macchiato (Italian pronunciation: [kafˈfɛ makˈkjaːto]), sometimes called espresso macchiato, is acoffee drink, made out of espresso with a small amount of milk. 'Macchiato' simply means 'marked' or 'stained', and in the case of caffè macchiato, this means literally 'espresso stained/marked with milk'. Traditionally it is made with one shot of espresso, and the small amount of added milk was the 'stain'. However, later the 'mark' or 'stain' came to refer to the foamed milk that was put on top to indicate the beverage has a little milk in it, usually about a teaspoon. In fact, a caffè macchiato in Portuguese is named café pingado which means coffee with a drop, the drop of milk.

　　The reason this coffee drink got its name was that the baristas needed to show the serving waiters the difference between an espresso and an espresso with a tiny bit of milk in it; the latter was 'marked'. In the United States, 'macchiato' is more likely to describe latte macchiato, thus arises the common confusion that 'macchiato' literally means 'foam', or that a macchiato must necessarily have foam. (As the term 'macchiato' to describe this type of coffee predates the common usage of foam in coffee by centuries, the staining 'agent' the additive that lightens the dark espresso, is traditionally the milk, not the foam).

　　In Italy a macchiato is thick milk foam in a small glass or cup with a shot of espresso poured through the centre of the foam leaving a rich coffee "mark" in the foam as it passes through. This may be the true origin of the espresso macchiato, but the Americanized simpler-to-make version has become the more commonly served drink. A barista may pour the shot with a small stainless steel shot pot with a spout to obtain a more accurate and sharper mark in the foam.