每日雅思词汇：咖啡的学问

　　7.猫屎咖啡 Kopi Luwak(Kopi是印尼语“咖啡”的意思，Luwak则是一种叫麝香猫的野生动物。)

　　麝香猫咖啡(Kopi Luwak)， Kopi(印尼语，咖啡)，Luwak 是印尼人指一种俗称“麝香猫”的树栖野生动物。麝香猫咖啡是世界上最贵的咖啡，每磅的价格高达几百美元，它是由麝香猫的粪便中提取出来后加工完成，麝香猫吃下成熟的咖啡果实，经过消化系统排出体外后，由于经过胃的发酵，产出的咖啡别有一番滋味，成为国际市场上的抢手货。

　　Kopi luwak , or civet coffee refers to the beans of coffee berries once they have been eaten and excreted by the Asian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and other civets. The name is also used for marketing brewed coffee made from those beans.

　　Producers of the coffee beans argue that the process may improve coffee through two mechanisms, selection and digestion. Selection occurs if the civets choose to eat coffee cherries containing better beans. Digestive mechanisms may improve the flavor profile of the coffee beans that have been eaten. The civet eats the berries for the beans' fleshy pulp, then in the digestive tract, fermentation occurs. The civet's proteolytic enzymes seep into the beans, making shorter peptides and more free amino acids. Passing through a civet's intestines the beans are then defecated with other fecal matter and collected.

　　The method of collected feces from wild civets has given way to intensive farming methods in which caged civets are force fed the coffee beans. This method of production has raised ethical concerns about the treatment of civets due to "horrific conditions" including isolation, poor diet, small cages and a high mortality rate. According to an officer from TRAFFIC, the trade in civets to make kopi luwak may constitute a significant threat to wild civet populations.

　　Intensive farming is also criticised by traditional farmers because the selection mechanism does not come into play, so the beans are of poor quality compared to beans collected from the wild.

　　In the coffee industry kopi luwak is widely regarded as a gimmick or novelty item. The Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) states that there is a "general consensus within the industry ... it just tastes bad". SCAA claims that almost all kopi luwak available for sale is counterfeit, as 50 times more kopi luwak is sold than produced.

　　Although kopi luwak is a form of processing, not a variety of coffee, it has been called the most expensive coffee in the world with retail prices reaching €550 / US$700 per kilogram . The price paid to collectors in the Philippines is closer to US$20 per kilogram.

　　Kopi luwak is produced mainly on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Sulawesi in the IndonesianArchipelago. It is also widely gathered in the forest or produced in the farms in the islands of thePhilippines (where the product is called kape motit in the Cordillera region, kape alamid inTagalog areas, and kape melô or kape musang in Mindanao island), and in East Timor (where it is called kafé-laku). Weasel coffee is a loose English translation of its Vietnamese name cà phê Chồn, where popular, chemically simulated versions are also produced.