雅思口语评分标准：流利与连贯

　　三、"考生犹豫次数"

　　这个评分项目主要是针对考生在交流中是否总是犹豫不决，语言本身是否缺乏内容上的连贯。一般来讲，一个真实的交流场景是需要考生"犹豫"的。那为什么官方文件中还要求考官来考查我们的"犹豫的次数"呢?

　　我们来看两个例子吧。

　　I want to talk about my mum…um…no, my dad. He is my most admire…um…admirable man. He is…um…178cm, maybe. Um..he is working…um…at a company, um…factory, a shoe factory. He likes this work…um…job very much.

　　I want to talk about my dad, who is about…um…let me think it about for a while…yeah, 178cm. it is very tall. Besides, my father is working at a shoe factory. Um…you see, it is a very large factory and my father is very satisfied with his job.

　　两篇文章的内容是一致的。第一篇文章的"犹豫"是要减分的，反之，第二篇文章的"犹豫"是交流真实性的体现，是拿高分数的体现。差距如此之大。

　　细心的读者可能已经发现，第一篇文章的犹豫是出于对内容的不确定和语言的混乱。也就是说，如果考生由于想不出来单词，对于答案组织的不好而出现的"犹豫"是考官不愿看到的。而第二篇，诚如各位读者所见，犹豫的出现并非是对内容本身不确定，而是体现出真实的交流性。犹豫的现象配合连结词的使用让考官看到你的答案不是背出来的，而是自己用语言组织出来的。这样的交流是考官最希望看到的。也就是说，一篇我们已经背好的文章需要这些语气词的润色才能拿到好分数。当然也不能矫枉过正。

　　四、"考生的语速"

　　考生的语速在官方文件中并没有一个具体的数字。囿于每个考生的习惯、发音的不同，语速肯定是大相径庭。但是为了更好的在雅思考试中取得好成绩，我们应该掌握平均的语速标准。"平均语速"是一个放之四海皆准的衡量标志，只要是第二语言考试，这一语速是比较合适的。如果一些考生本身的语言能力较强，发音也很标准，这个要求就略显得低了。一般来说，一个正常的英语语速是每分钟125-150词。这不仅为雅思考试所承认，也为ETS的托福考试所认可。考生可以就此标准来练习自己的语速。

　　五、"论述的标记词、连结性短语、连结词的使用"

　　这是"流利与连贯"中最为重要的评分细则。可以说，其他的因素都是围绕它来展开的。在英美人士的语言中，连接词以及连结性的句子随处可见。比如：

　　Actually, this is my opportunity to address this issue, that is very common these days. The climate changes bring about many problems. For example, first, the…. There is one more I could tell you, that is…. And, additionally,…

　　这篇演讲稿中有很多连接性的词语或者语句。比如：Actually, that is, For example, first, and, additionally…这些结构在雅思口语中的必须具备的，它往往决定了不同档次的得分。我们再看一个例子：

　　I do not like the weather in my city, especially the summer. Because it is very hot and makes me feel uncomfortable. I do not like the public transport system. Because the buses are too old and the seats are really hard, so I will feel uncomfortable in the long journey.

　　对这篇文章进行修改，如下：

　　Of course I think I would have to say that I am not so keen on the weather. To be more precise, I really can't stand the summer months. This is due to the fact that the temperatures can get as high as 40 degrees so it can be quite uncomfortable if you do not have air conditioning in your house. In addition to this, I am not really that fond of the public transport system. And I guess this is probably because the buses are too old and the seats are really hard, so long journeys are usually pretty bumpy.

　　这两篇文章的内容没有大的变化，但是第二篇可以拿到6分以上的好成绩。究其根本，就是答案更符合"英美人士"的语言习惯，其中不乏连接性的语言结构：Of course I think I would have to say that，This is due to the fact that，In addition to this, And I guess this is probably because。这些语言在语言学中属于"非内容性语言"或者"冗语"，它起到了连接内容，实现过渡的语言功效。我们考生应当掌握。

　　六、"自我更正的次数"

　　这个评分点很容易被很多老师和考生所忽略。一般来讲，自我更正的要求往往和"释义"相混淆。先看一个例子吧。

　　I am thinking about the…um… I forget the name of this food, but it is one of famous traditional food in China. And, it has been for hundred years. Oh, I got its name! It is Go-Believe, a representative cuisine of Tianjin.

　　这句话看似在"自我更正"，其实考生是在进行"释义"。所谓"释义"就是用自己的话来表述一个事物，一件事情。在一个口语答案中如果考生进行了"释义"是可以增加他的高分的几率的。因为考官看到了考生用自己的语言来进行描述事物的本领，体现了现场真实的交流。

　　在评分标准中，如下的"自我更正"是不允许的：

　　I think Mike is an approach man, no, he is an approachable man.

　　这种自我更正是由于考生犯了语法错误所致。和上文的"自我更正"是不一样的。希望引起考生的主意。我们不能因为避免自我更正而去否定"释义"的语言手法。