2024年11月23日雅思考试题阅读回忆及答案

　　2024年11月23日雅思考试已经结束, 那这次考试阅读都考了哪些内容呢？本文为大家整理了2024年11月23日雅思考试题阅读回忆及答案，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

　　 阅读

　　一、 考试概述：

　　本场考试三篇全新，难度高。第一篇考古话题，难度不低;第二篇盐，难度适中;第三篇关于乐观，涉及心理学，难度比较高。

　　二、具体题目分析：

　　Passage One：

　　n 文章题材：说明文(建筑类)

　　n 文章题目：Roman一条河的遗迹研究

　　n 文章难度：★★★

　　n 题型及数量：待补充

　　n 题目及答案：

　　Dirty River but Clean Water

　　Floods can occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry.

　　A

　　FIRE and flood are two of humanity’s worst nightmares. People have, therefore, always sought to control them. Forest fires are snuffed out quickly. The flow of rivers is regulated by weirs and dams. At least, that is how it used to be. But foresters have learned that forests need fires to clear out the brush and even to get seeds to germinate. And a similar revelation is now dawning on hydrologists. Rivers – and the ecosystems they support – need floods. That is why a man-made torrent has been surging down the Grand Canyon. By Thursday, March 6th it was running at full throttle, which was expected to be sustained for 60 hours.

　　B

　　Floods once raged through the canyon every year. Spring Snow from as far away as Wyoming would melt and swell the Colorado river to a flow that averaged around 1,500 cubic metres (50,000 cubic feet) a second. Every eight years or so, that figure rose to almost 3,000 cubic metres. These floods infused the river with sediment, carved its beaches and built its sandbars.

　　C

　　However, in the four decades since the building of the Glen Canyon dam, just upstream of the Grand Canyon, the only sediment that it has collected has come from tiny, undammed tributaries. Even that has not been much use as those tributaries are not powerful enough to distribute the sediment in an ecologically valuable way.

　　D

　　This lack of flooding has harmed local wildlife. The humpback chub, for example, thrived in the rust-red waters of Colorado. Recently, though, its population has crashed. At first sight, it looked as if the reason was that the chub were being eaten by trout introduced for sport fishing in the mid-20th century. But trout and chub co-existed until the Glen Canyon dam was built, so something else is going on. Steve Gloss, of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), reckons that the chub’s decline is the result of their losing their most valuable natural defense, Colorado’s rusty sediment. The chub were well adapted to the poor visibility created by the chick, red water which gave the river its name and depended on it to hide from predators. Without the cloudy water, the chub became vulnerable.

　　E

　　And the chub are not alone. In the years since the Glen Canyon dam was built, several species have vanished altogether. These include the Colorado pike-minnow, the razorback sucker and the roundtail chub. Meanwhile, aliens including fathead minnows, channel catfish and common carp, which would have been hard, put to survive in the savage waters of the undammed canyon, have moved in.

　　F

　　So flooding is the obvious answer. Unfortunately, it is easier said than done. Floods were sent down the Grand Canyon in 1996 and 2004 and the results were mixed. In 1996 the flood was allowed to go on too long. To start with, all seemed well. The floodwaters built up sandbanks and infused the river with sediment. Eventually, however, the continued flow washed most of the sediment out of the canyon. This problem was avoided in 2004, but unfortunately, on that occasion, the volume of sand available behind the dam was too low to rebuild the sandbanks. This time, the USGS is convinced that things will be better. The amount of sediment available is three times greater than it was in 2004. So if a flood is going to do some good, this is the time to unleash one.

　　G

　　Even so, it may turn out to be an empty gesture. At less than 1,200 cubic metres a second, this flood is smaller than even an average spring flood, let alone one of the mightier deluges of the past. Those glorious inundations moved massive quantities of sediment through the Grand Canyon, wiping the slate dirty, and making a muddy mess of silt and muck that would make modern river rafters cringe.

　　Questions 1-7

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

　　In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　1 Damage caused by a fire is worse than that caused by the flood.

　　2 The flood peaks at almost 1500 cubic meters every eight years.

　　3 Contribution of sediments delivered by tributaries has little impact.

　　4 The decreasing number of chubs is always caused by introducing of trout since the mid 20th century.

　　5 It seemed that the artificial flood in 1996 had achieved success partly at the very beginning.

　　6 In fact, the yield of artificial flood water is smaller than an average natural flood at present.

　　7 Mighty floods drove fast-moving flows with clean and high-quality water.

　　Questions 8-13

　　Complete the summary below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

　　The Eco-Impact of the Canyon Dam

　　Floods are people’s nightmare. In the past, the canyon was raged by flood every year. The snow from far Wyoming would melt in the season of 8____________. and caused a flood flow peak in Colorado river. In the four decades after people built the Glen Canyon Dam, it only could gather 9____________ together from tiny, undammed tributaries.

　　Humpback chub population reduced, why?

　　Then several species disappeared including Colorado pike-minnow, 10____________ and the round-tail chub. Meanwhile, some moved in such as fathead minnows, channel catfish and 11____________ The non-stopped flow led to the washing away of the sediment out of the canyon, which poses a great threat to the chubs because it has poor 12____________. away from predators. In addition, the volume of 13____________ available behind the dam was too low to rebuild the bars and flooding became more serious.

　　参考答案

　　1. NOT GIVEN

　　2. FALSE

　　3. NOT GIVEN

　　4. FALSE

　　5. TRUE

　　6. TRUE

　　7. NOT GIVEN

　　8. spring

　　9. sediment

　　10. razorback sucker

　　11. common carp

　　12. visibility

　　13. sand

　　*本文话题与实考都是河流相关，但是文章和题目与考试有出入，仅供各位考生复习使用~

　　可参考真题：剑桥16—TEST4 Passage1 Roman tunnels

　　Passage Two：

　　n 文章题材：说明文(科技类)

　　n 文章题目：盐

　　n 文章难度：★★★

　　n 题型及数量：多选+填空+判断

　　n 题目及答案：

　　The History Of Salt

　　Salt is so simple and plentiful that we almost take it for granted. In chemical terms, salt is the combination of a sodium ion with a chloride ion, making it one of the most basic molecules on earth. It is also one of the most plentiful: it has been estimated that salt deposits under the state of Kansas alone could supply the entire world’s needs for the next 250,000 years.

　　But salt is also an essential element. Without it, life itself would be impossible since the human body requires the mineral in order to function properly. The concentration of sodium ions in the blood is directly related to the regulation of safe body fluid levels. And while we are all familiar with its many uses in cooking, we may not be aware that this element is used in some 14,000 commercial applications. From manufacturing pulp and paper to setting dyes in textiles and fabric, from producing soaps and detergents to making our roads safe in winter, salt plays an essential part in our daily lives.

　　Salt has a long and influential role in world history. From the dawn of civilization, it has been a key factor in economic, religious, social and political development. In every corner of the world, it has been the subject of superstition, folklore, and warfare, and has even been used as currency.

　　As a precious and portable commodity, salt has long been a cornerstone of economies throughout history. In fact, researcher M.R. Bloch conjectured that civilization began along the edges of the desert because of the natural surface deposits of salt found there. Bloch also believed that the first war – likely fought near the ancient city of Essalt on the Jordan River – could have been fought over the city’s precious supplies of the mineral.

　　In 2200 BC, the Chinese emperor Hsia Yu levied one of the first known taxes. He taxed salt. In Tibet, Marco Polo noted that tiny cakes of salt were pressed with images of the Grand Khan to be used as coins and to this day among the nomads of Ethiopia’s Danakil Plains it is still used as money. Greek slave traders often bartered it for slaves, giving rise to the expression that someone was “not worth his salt.” Roman legionnaires were paid in salt – a solarium, the Latin origin of the word “salary.”

　　Merchants in 12th-century Timbuktu – the gateway to the Sahara Desert and the seat of scholars – valued this mineral as highly as books and gold. In France, Charles of Anjou levied the “gabelle,” a salt tax, in 1259 to finance his conquest of the Kingdom of Naples. Outrage over the gabelle fueled the French Revolution. Though the revolutionaries eliminated the tax shortly after Louis XVI, the Republic of France re-established the gabelle in the early 19th Century; only in 1946 was it removed from the books.

　　The Erie Canal, an engineering marvel that connected the Great Lakes to New York’s Hudson River in 1825, was called “the ditch that salt built.” Salt tax revenues paid for half the cost of construction of the canal. The British monarchy supported itself with high salt taxes, leading to a bustling black market for the white crystal. In 1 785, the Earl of Dundonald wrote that every year in England, 10,000 people were arrested for salt smuggling. And protesting against British rule in 1930, Mahatma Gandhi led a 200-mile march to the Arabian Ocean to collect untaxed salt for India’s poor.

　　In religion and culture, salt long held an important place with Greek worshippers consecrating it in their rituals. Further, in the Buddhist tradition, salt repels evil spirits, which is why it is customary to throw it over your- shoulder before entering your house after a funeral: it scares off any evil spirits that may be clinging to your back. Shinto religion also uses it to purify an area. Before sumo wrestlers enter the ring for a match – which is, in reality, an elaborate Shinto rite – a handful is thrown into the center to drive off malevolent spirits.

　　In the Southwest of the United States, the Pueblo worship the Salt Mother. Other native tribes had significant restrictions on who was permitted to eat salt. Hopi legend holds that the angry Warrior Twins punished mankind by placing valuable salt deposits far from civilization, requiring hard work and bravery to harvest the precious mineral. In 1933, the Dalai Lama was buried sitting up in a bed of salt. Today, a gift of salt endures in India as a potent symbol of good luck and a reference to Mahatma Gandhi’s liberation of India.

　　The effects of salt deficiency are highlighted in times of war, when human bodies and national economies are strained to their limits. Thousands of Napoleon’s troops died during the French retreat from Moscow due to inadequate wound healing and lowered resistance to disease – the results of salt deficiency.

　　Questions 1-3

　　Choose THREE letters A-H.

　　Which THREE statements are true of salt?

　　A A number of cities take their name from the word salt.

　　B Salt contributed to the French Revolution.

　　C The uses of salt are countless.

　　D Salt has been produced in China for less than 2000 years.

　　E There are many commercial applications for salt.

　　F Salt deposits in the state of Kansas are vast.

　　G Salt has few industrial uses nowadays.

　　H Slaves used salt as a currency.

　　Questions 4-8

　　Complete the summary.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.

　　Salt is such a 4…………………. that people would not be able to live without it. As well as its uses in cooking, this basic mineral has thousands of business 5…………………. ranging from making paper to the manufacture of soap. Being a prized and 6…………………. , it has played a major part in the economies of many countries. As such, salt has not only led to war but has also been used to raise 7…………………. by governments in many parts of the world. There are also many instances of its place in religion and culture, being used as a means to get rid of evil 8………………….

　　Questions 9-14

　　Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage?

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information about the statement

　　9. It has been suggested that salt was responsible for the first war

　　10. The first tax on salt was imposed by a Chinese emperor

　　11. Salt is no longer used as a form of currency

　　12. Most of the money for the construction of the Erie Canal came from salt taxes

　　13. Hopi legend believes that salt deposits were placed far away from civilization to penalize mankind

　　14. A lack of salt is connected with the deaths of many of Napoleon’s soldiers during the French retreat from Moscow

　　参考答案

　　14. B

　　15. E

　　16. F

　　17. essential element

　　18. applications

　　19. portable commodity

　　20. taxes

　　21. spirits

　　22. TRUE

　　23. NOT GIVEN

　　24. FALSE

　　25. FALSE

　　26. TRUE

　　27. TRUE

　　可参考真题：剑17—TEST3 Passage2 Palm oil

　　Passage Three：

　　n 文章题材：议论文(心理学)

　　n 文章题目：关于乐观

　　n 文章难度：★★★★

　　n 题型及数量：摘要题(无选项)+句子首尾匹配+判断题

　　Optimism and Health

　　Mindset is all. How you start the year will set the template for the rest, and two scientifically backed character traits hold the key: optimism and resili­ence (if the prospect leaves you feeling pessimistically spineless, the good news is that you can significantly boost both of these qualities).

　　Faced with 12 months of plummeting economics and rising human distress, staunchly maintaining a rosy view might seem deludedly Pollyannaish. But here we encounter the optimism paradox. As Brice Pitt, an emeritus professor of the psychiatry of old age at Imperial College, London, told me: “Optimists are unrealistic. Depressive people see things as they really are, but that is a disadvantage from an evolutionary point of view. Optimism is a piece of equipment that carried us through millennia of setbacks.”

　　Optimists have plenty to be happy about. In other words, if you can convince yourself that things will get better, the odds of it happening will improve - be­cause you keep on playing the game. In this light, optimism “is a habitual way of explaining your setbacks to yourself”, reports Martin Seligman, the psychology professor and author of Learned Optimism. The research shows that when times get tough, optimists do better than pessimists - they succeed better at work, respond better to stress, suffer fewer depressive episodes, and achieve more personal goals.

　　Studies also show that belief can help with the financial pinch. Chad Wallens, a social forecaster at the Henley Centre who surveyed middle-class Britons’ beliefs about income, has found that “the people who feel wealthiest, and those who feel poorest, actually have almost the same amount of money at their disposal. Their attitudes and behaviour patterns, however, are different from one another.”

　　Optimists have something else to be cheerful about - in general, they are more robust. For example, a study of 660 volunteers by the Yale University psychologist Dr. Becca Levy found that thinking positively adds an average of seven years to your life. Other American research claims to have identified a physical mechanism behind this. A Harvard Medical School study of 670 men found that the optimists have significantly better lung function. The lead author, Dr. Rosalind Wright, believes that attitude somehow strengthens the immune system. “Preliminary studies on heart patients suggest that, by changing a per­son’s outlook, you can improve their mortality risk,” she says.

　　Few studies have tried to ascertain the proportion of optimists in the world. But a 1995 nationwide survey conducted by the American magazine Adweek found that about half the population counted themselves as optimists, with women slightly more apt than men (53 per cent versus 48 per cent) to see the sunny side.

　　Of course, there is no guarantee that optimism will insulate you from the crunch’s worst effects, but the best strategy is still to keep smiling and thank your lucky stars. Because (as every good sports coach knows) adversity is char­acter-forming - so long as you practise the skills of resilience. Research among tycoons and business leaders shows that the path to success is often littered with failure: a record of sackings, bankruptcies and blistering castigation. But instead of curling into a foetal ball beneath the coffee table, they resiliently pick themselves up, learn from their pratfalls and march boldly towards the next opportunity.

　　The American Psychological Association defines resilience as the ability to adapt in the face of adversity, trauma or tragedy. A resilient person may go through difficulty and uncertainty, but he or she will doggedly bounce back.

　　Optimism is one of the central traits required in building resilience, say Yale University investigators in the. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. They add that resilient people learn to hold on to their sense of humour and this can help them to keep a flexible attitude when big changes of plan are warranted. The ability to accept your lot with equanimity also plays an important role, the study adds.

　　One of the best ways to acquire resilience is through experiencing a difficult childhood, the sociologist Steven Stack reports in the Journal of Social Psych­ology. For example, short men are less likely to commit suicide than tall guys, he says, because shorties develop psychological defence skills to handle the bullies and mickey-taking that their lack of stature attracts. By contrast, those who enjoyed adversity-free youths can get derailed by setbacks later on be­cause they’ve never been inoculated against aggro.

　　If you are handicapped by having had a happy childhood, then practising proactive optimism can help you to become more resilient. Studies of resilient people show that they take more risks; 'they court failure and learn not to fear it.

　　And despite being thick-skinned, resilient types are also more open than aver­age to other people. Bouncing through knock-backs is all part of the process.

　　It’s about optimistic risk-taking - being confident that people will like you. Simply smiling and being warm to people can help. It’s an altruistic path to self-interest - and if it achieves nothing else, it will reinforce an age-old adage: hard times can bring out the best in you.

　　Questions 1-4

　　Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage for each answer.

　　A study group from Yale University had discovered that optimism can stretch one's life length by 1 ________ years. And another group from Harvard thinks they have found the biological basis - optimists have better 2 ________ because an optimist outlook boosts one's 3 ________. The study on 4 ________ was cited as evidence in support of this claim.

　　Questions 5-9

　　Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-H.

　　5 Brice Pitt believes

　　6 The research at Henley Centre discovers

　　7 The study conducted by Adweek finds

　　8 The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology reports

　　9 Steven Stack says in his report

　　A material wealth doesn't necessarily create happiness.

　　B optimists tend to be unrealistic about human evolution.

　　C optimism is advantageous for human evolution.

　　D adversity is the breeding ground of resilience.

　　E feelings of optimism vary according to gender.

　　F good humour means good flexibility.

　　G evenness of mind under stress is important to building resilience.

　　H having an optimistic outlook is a habit.

　　Questions 10-13

　　Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?

　　In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet write

　　YES if the statement agrees with the information

　　NO if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

　　10 The benefits of optimism on health have been long known.

　　11 Optimists have better relationships with people than pessimists.

　　12 People with happy childhoods won't be able to practise optimism.

　　13 Resilient people are often open, and even thick­skinned.

　　参考答案

　　1. 7/seven

　　2. lung function

　　3. immune system

　　4. heart patients

　　5. C

　　6. A

　　7. E

　　8. G

　　9. D

　　10. NOT GIVEN

　　11. NOT GIVEN

　　12. NO

　　13. YES

　　可参考真题：剑桥19—TEST4 Passage3 The unselfish gene

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